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- <title>Using Saved Pages ( --saved-pages=... )</title>
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- <header><div class="title"><a href="index.html"><h1 aria-label="title">Ghostscript documentation</h1><h2 aria-label="version"></h2></a></div><a href="Search.htm" aria-label="Search" id="searchSite"><div class="search"></div></a></header>
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-<h1>Using Saved Pages ( --saved-pages=... )</h1>
-
-<h2><a name="toc"></a>Table of contents</h2>
-<ul class="toc">
- <li><a href="#Keywords">Saved Pages control keywords,</a></li>
- <li><a href="#Print_Keywords">Printing saved pages.</a></li>
- <li><a href="#Examples">Examples.</a></li>
-</ul>
-
-<!-- [1.2 end table of contents] =========================================== -->
-
-<!-- [1.3 begin hint] ====================================================== -->
-<p>
-Saved pages can be printed in any order, any number of times allowing for copy
-collation, manual 'duplex' printing or selecting a subset of pages.
-</p>
-
-<!-- [1.3 end hint] ======================================================== -->
-
-<!-- [1.0 end visible header] ============================================== -->
-
-<!-- [2.0 begin contents] ================================================== -->
-
-<p>
-Many raster printing devices and raster image format devices can use the command
-list (clist) to save the rendering information into files or memory based structures.
-Usually the clist data is rendered as soon as the page is complete, but it is`
-possible to defer rendering, then output (print) after the entire file has been
-converted to clist files.
-<p>
-Since each page is saved separately, the pages can be rendered from the clist
-files in any order, any number of times.
-<p>
-The saved pages are accumulated in clist form as files or in memory. The default
-clist storage is specified by the <code>BAND_LIST_STORAGE=</code> macro in the
-make file, but if <code>BAND_LIST_STORAGE=file</code>, the clist can be forced
-to be in memory using the <code>-sBandListStorage=memory</code> option.
-<hr>
-<h2><a name="Keywords"></a>Saved Pages control keywords</h2>
-<p>
-Deferring printing is controlled using the <code>--saved-page=...</code> option.
-<p>
-The string following the <code>--saved-page=</code> consists of keywords,
-separated by white-space, commas, or other non-alphanumeric characters
-such as ':', '=', ';'. If more than one keyword is given, the string should
-be enclosed in double-quotes (<code>"</code>).
-<p>
-The '<code>-</code>' (dash), and the '<code>*</code>' asterisk), are used in
-page range selections, and cannot be keyword separators.
-<p>
-Keywords are case independent, thus "<b><code>begin</code></b>",
-"<b><code>BEGIN</code></b>", and "<b><code>Begin</code></b>" are all equivalent.
-<p>
-<dl>
-<dt><code>begin</code>
-<dd>Begins accumulating pages to a list. The clist data for each page is
-saved in files or memory as discussed above, but no rendering is performed.
-<p>
-If the device was set for rendering into memory, is will be switched to
-accumulating the page as clist files, thus <code>-dMaxBitmap</code> and
-<code>-dBandingNever</code> will be ignored, as if <code>-dBandingAlways</code>
-was specified.
-</dl>
-
-<dl>
-<dt><code>flush</code>
-<dd>Delete all clist files for all pages on the list, and reset the
-list to empty, but remain in <code>saved-pages</code> mode. Subsequent
-pages will be added to the list.
-</dl>
-
- <dl>
-<dt><code>end</code>
-<dd>Flush any list, deleting all clist files for any accumulated pages
-and stop accumulating pages, returning to rendering/output as soon as
-the page is complete.
-<p>
-The device may render subsequent pages in memory (page buffer) as
-determined by </code>-dMaxBitmap</code> and </code>-dBandingNever</code>.
-</dl>
-
-<dl>
-<dt><code>copies </code><em>copy_count</em>
-<dd>Set the copy count for the <code>print</code> action. The requested number
-of copies will be generated for all subsequent print actions, thus
-producing <b>collated</b> copies, rather than multiple copies of
-each page as in normal (non-deferred) rendering and output.
-<p>
-A <code>--saved-pages="copies <em>#</em>"</code> option will be applied to all
-print actions until a new <code>copies <em>#</em></code> is encountered
-that sets the copy count to a different value. Since the
-<code>copies</code> can follow the <code>print</code> command, it is
-recommended that only a single <code>copies</code> be in a each
-<code>--saved-pages=</code><em>...</em> string.
-<p>
-Note, that unless <code>-d.IgnoreNumCopies=true</code> is specified
-prior to starting <code>saved-pages</code> mode, the copy count for
-each page will be saved with each page, and the job will contain the
-specified number of copies of each page, as well as producing the
-number of collated copies of the job set by the <code>copies</code>
-in a <code>--saved-pages=</code><em>...</em> string.
-</dl>
-
-<dl>
-<dt><code>print </code><em>print keywords</em>
-<dd>Print from the list of saved pages. The <em>print keywords</em>
-follwing the <code>print</code> action keyword determine what is
-printed, and in what order. The keywords are described in the next
-section.
-</dl>
-
-
-<h3><a name="Print_Keywords"></a>Printing Saved Pages</h3>
-
-<p>
-The string following the <code>print</code> action keyword determines which pages
-from the list are printed, in what order. Any sequence of keywords, page numbers
-or page ranges can follow the <code>print</code> keyword. The first control keyword
-(other than <code>copies</code>) ends the list of printing keywords.
-<p>
-As with control keywords, print keywords can be any mixture of upper or lower case,
-and print keyword, page numbers and page ranges can be seperated by any non-alphanumeric
-character other than '<code>-</code>' or '<code>*</code>'.
-<p>
-The following are all equivalent:
-<blockquote><dl>
-<dt><code>1 3 5 - *</code>
-<dt><code>1, 3, 5-*</code>
-<dt><code>1,3,5-*</code>
-</dl></blockquote>
-
-<dl>
-<dt><code>copies </code><em>copy_count</em>
-<dd>As mentioned above, the <code>copies</code> keyword and count can follow the <code>print</code>
-keyword. See the description of the <code>copies</code> keyword in the previous section.
-<p>
-The copy count will be applied to the entire sequence of print keywords, so it can
-appear anywhere in the sequence of page number, page ranges or print keywords.
-</dl>
-
-<dl>
-<dt><code>normal</code>
-<dd>Print all of the pages, from the first until the last page in the list. This
-keyword is used to print collated copies in the usual page order. This is the
-same as the page range: <code>"1 - *"</code>
-</dl>
-
-<dl>
-<dt><code>reverse</code>
-<dd>Print all of the pages, from the last backwards to the first page in the list. This
-keyword is used to print collated copies in the reverse page order. This is the
-same as the page range: <code>"* - 1"</code>
-</dl>
-
-<dl>
-<dt><code>odd</code>
-<dd>Print all odd number pages, from 1 to the last odd numbered page. This keyword,
-combined with the <code>even</code> keyword and user interaction to place pages that
-were printed into the input tray, can be used for manual duplexing.
-</dl>
-
-<dl>
-<dt><code>even</code>
-<dd>Print all even number pages, from 2 to the last even numbered page, then if the
-list has an odd number of pages print a blank 'pad' page to be the back of the last odd
-page. This keyword, combined with the <code>odd</code> keyword and user interaction to
-place pages that were printed into the input tray, can be used for manual duplexing.
-</dl>
-
-<dl>
-<dt><code>even0pad</code>
-<dd>Print all even number pages, from 2 to the last even numbered page, without any
-blank 'pad' page as with the <code>even</code> keyword.
-</dl>
-
- <dl>
-<dt><em>page_number</em>
-<dd>A number not followed by '<code>-</code>' specifies a single page from the
-list to be printed. <b> The '<code>*</code>' character represents the last page in
-the list, interpreted as a number, either as a single <em>page_number</em> or as the
-<em>start_page</em> or <em>end_page</em> in a page range.
-</b>
-</dl>
-
- <dl>
-<dt><em>start_page</em> <code>-</code> <em>end_page</em>
-<dd>A range of pages is two <em>page_number</em>s or <code>*</code> separated by a
-'<code>-</code>', optionally surrounded by non-alphanumeric characters other than
-'<code>-</code>' which is a special character in page range specifications. The
-pages from the <em>start_page</em> to the <em>end_page</em> are printed.
-<p>
-If the <em>start_page</em> is after the <em>end_page</em>, then the order of the
-pages is reversed, from the <em>start_page</em> back to the <em>end_page</em>.
-</dl>
-
-<hr>
-<h2><a name="Examples"></a>Examples</h2>
-The following examples each print 2 collated copies from the first page to the last page:
-<blockquote><dl><code>
-<dt>--saved-pages="print: normal, copies=2"
-<dt>--saved-pages="print copies=2, normal"
-<dt>--saved-pages="copies 2 print normal"
-<dt>--saved-pages="print 1-* 1-*"
-<dt>--saved-pages="print normal normal"
-</code></dl></blockquote>
-
-Print the last page, followed by all pages in reverse order, then the first page
-(print reverse with two copies of the last and first page):
-<blockquote><dl><code>
-<dt>--saved-pages="print * reverse 1"
-<dt> -or-
-<dt>--saved-pages="print * * - 1 1"
-</code></dl></blockquote>
-
-Using the command line arguments with a PostScript or PDF input file to print
-the odd pages, prompt the operator to reload the printer with the pages that
-were printed, then print the even pages:
-
-<blockquote><dl><code>
-<dt>gs -sDEVICE=pgmraw -o /dev/lp0 --saved-pages="begin" examples/annots.pdf \
-<dt>--saved-pages="print odd" \
-<dt>-c "(Move printed pages to the input tray, then press enter.) = flush \
-<dt> (%stdin) (r) file 256 string readline clear" \
-<dt>--saved-pages="print even"
-</code></dl></blockquote>
-
-Print two collated copies of the first file, followed by 5 copies of the second file:
-<blockquote><dl><code>
-<dt>gs -sDEVICE=pgmraw -o /dev/lp0 --saved-pages="begin" examples/annots.pdf \
-<dt>--saved-pages="copies=2 print normal flush" \
-<dt>examples/colorcir.ps \
-<dt>--saved-pages="copies=5 print normal"
-</code></dl></blockquote>
-
-<!-- [2.0 end contents] ==================================================== -->
-
-<!-- [3.0 begin visible trailer] =========================================== -->
-<hr>
-
-<p>
-<small>Copyright &copy; 2013-2022 Artifex Software, Inc. All rights
-reserved.</small>
-
-<p>
-This software is provided AS-IS with no warranty, either express or
-implied.
-
-This software is distributed under license and may not be copied,
-modified or distributed except as expressly authorized under the terms
-of the license contained in the file LICENSE in this distribution.
-
-For more information about licensing, please visit
-http://www.artifex.com/licensing/
-or contact Artifex Software, Inc., 1305 Grant Avenue - Suite 200,
-Novato, CA 94945, U.S.A., +1(415)492-9861.
-
-<p>
-<small>Ghostscript version 9.56.1, 4 April 2022
-
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